{"id":1107,"date":"2022-11-24T08:28:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-24T08:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/start-smart.rs\/?p=1107"},"modified":"2022-11-29T14:43:56","modified_gmt":"2022-11-29T14:43:56","slug":"osnovni-elementi-montesori-metoda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/start-smart.rs\/en\/osnovni-elementi-montesori-metoda\/","title":{"rendered":"Koji su osnovni elementi Montesori metoda?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Marija Montesori bila je italijanski lekar, edukator i inovator, cenjena po svojoj obrazovnoj metodi koja se zasniva na na\u010dinu na koji deca u\u010de prirodno. <\/span>Otvorila je prvu Montesori \u0161kolu – Casa dei Bambini, ili De\u010dju kuc\u0301u u Rimu 6. januara 1907. Nakon toga je putovala svetom i op\u0161irno pisala o svom pristupu obrazovanju, privla\u010dec\u0301i mnoge poklonike. Sada postoje hiljade Montesori \u0161kola u zemljama \u0161irom sveta. U nastavku teksta, mo\u017eete pro\u010ditati sve o ro\u0111enju ove edukativne prakse, kao i to koji su to ta\u010dno osnovni elementi Montesori metoda obrazovanja.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nastanak Montesori metoda<\/span><\/h2>\n

Marijina rana medicinska praksa bila je fokusirana na psihijatriju. Kasnije je razvila interesovanje za obrazovanje, poha\u0111ala \u010dasove pedagogije i udubljivala se u teoriju obrazovanja. Studije su je navele da sagleda i dovede u pitanje preovla\u0111ujuc\u0301e metode podu\u010davanja dece sa intelektualnim i razvojnim smetnjama.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prilika da pobolj\u0161a ove metode do\u0161la je 1900. godine, kada je imenovana za kodirektora novog instituta za obuku nastavnika specijalnog obrazovanja. Marija je pristupila zadatku nau\u010dno, pa\u017eljivo posmatrajuc\u0301i i eksperimenti\u0161uc\u0301i kako bi saznala koje nastavne metode su najbolje funkcionisale. Mnoga deca su ostvarila neo\u010dekivane uspehe, a program je progla\u0161en uspe\u0161nim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Godine 1907.\u00a0<\/span>Marija je prihvatila izazov da otvori celodnevni centar za brigu o deci u San Lorencu, siroma\u0161noj gradskoj \u010detvrti u Rimu. U\u010denici su bili mladi u nepovoljnoj poziciji, uzrasta od 3 do 7 godina, koji su bili prepu\u0161teni sami sebi dok su njihovi roditelji odlazili na posao. Ovaj centar, prvi te vrste u zemlji, i visokokvalitetno okru\u017eenje za u\u010denje, postao je prva Casa dei Bambini.<\/span><\/p>\n

Deca su u po\u010detku bila neposlu\u0161na, ali su ubrzo pokazala veliko interesovanje za rad sa zagonetkama, u\u010denje pripremanja obroka i manipulaciju materijalima za u\u010denje koje je Marija osmislila. Posmatrala je kako deca upijaju znanje iz svog okru\u017eenja, u su\u0161tini, u\u010dec\u0301i sama sebe.<\/span><\/p>\n

Koristec\u0301i nau\u010dna zapa\u017eanja i iskustvo ste\u010deno tokom svog ranijeg rada sa malom decom, Marija je dizajnirala materijale za u\u010denje i okru\u017eenje u u\u010dionici koje je podstaklo prirodnu \u017eelju dece za u\u010denjem i omoguc\u0301ilo im slobodu da biraju sopstvene materijale – kako su i nastali osnovni elementi Montesori metoda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na iznena\u0111enje mnogih, deca u Marijinim programima su napredovala, pokazujuc\u0301i koncentraciju, pa\u017enju i spontanu samodisciplinu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osnovni elementi Montesori metoda<\/span><\/h2>\n

Najzna\u010dajniji elementi Montesori metoda su nastavna sredstva, odnosno materijale koje deca koriste tokom boravka u vrti\u0107u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

U centru <\/span>Montesori pedagogije<\/span><\/a> je dete, kao i njegove potrebe, dok su osnovni elementi Montesori metoda pripremljena sredina, posebno izra\u0111eni didakti\u010dki, odnosno nastavni materijali i obu\u010deni vaspita\u010d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Marija Montesori je nagla\u0161avala da okru\u017eenje, odnosno sredina u kojoj se radi, mora da bude dobro ure\u0111ena. Da se dete oseti slobodno i sigurno, i da ne postoje nikakve prepreke za nesmetani razvoj aktivnosti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ambijent u vrti\u0107u ili \u0161koli mora u potpunosti da odgovara potrebama dece. Zato su u\u010dionice ve\u0107inom dobro osvetljene, tople, prijatne, udobne, pune slika, knjiga i materijala.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Primerena okolina mora da nudi sve \u0161to je detetu potrebno za fizi\u010dki, umni i du\u0161evni razvoj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osnovni elementi Montesori metoda – unapred pa\u017eljivo pripremljena sredina<\/span><\/h3>\n

Poseban ambijent se mora organizovati u De\u010djim ku\u0107ama, a takav ambijent obezbe\u0111uje slobodnu, opu\u0161tenu ali i organizovanu edukativnu aktivnost dece. Okolina, koja je prilago\u0111ena detetu i nudi sve \u0161to mu je potrebno za fizi\u010dki, umni i du\u0161evni razvoj, igra klju\u010dnu ulogu u daljem de\u010djem razvoju. <\/span>Marija Montesori<\/span><\/a> je postavila izuzetno stroga merila pripremanja sredine.<\/span><\/p>\n

U Montesori \u0161kolama, grupe dece razli\u010ditog uzrasta omoguc\u0301avaju mla\u0111oj deci da u\u010de od starije dece i do\u017eivljavaju nove izazove kroz posmatranje. Starija deca ja\u010daju svoje u\u010denje tako \u0161to podu\u010davaju koncepte koje su vec\u0301 savladali, dok razvijaju ve\u0161tine predvo\u0111enja i slu\u017ee kao uzori.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Po\u0161to je rad svakog u\u010denika individualan, deca napreduju sopstvenim tempom. Postoji saradnja pre nego takmi\u010denje izme\u0111u uzrasta. Ovakva organizacija odra\u017eava stvarni svet, u kome pojedinci rade i dru\u017ee se sa ljudima svih uzrasta i karaktera.<\/span><\/p>\n

U Montesori u\u010dionici, u\u010denici rade zajedno u grupama me\u0161ovitih uzrasta specifi\u010dnih za razvojne faze na kojima je zasnovano Montesori obrazovanje. Neke \u0161kole mogu izmeniti ove starosne grupe iz razloga kao \u0161to su dr\u017eavni propisi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osnovni elementi Montesori metoda – posebno izra\u0111eni didakti\u010dki materijali<\/span><\/h3>\n

Omogu\u0107avaju deci da ve\u017ebaju na njima i sama u\u010de. Montesori materijal je standardizovan, izra\u0111en je od prirodnih materijala i dolazi iz prirode i realnog okru\u017eenja.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Osobine materijala su dostupnost detetu i podsticanje deteta na rad. Materijal mora biti organizovan tako da kroz upotrebu omogu\u0107i da dete uo\u010di gre\u0161ke u radu. Prilago\u0111en je potrebama i sposobnostima deteta, a jedan materijal izla\u017ee samo jedan problem. Sitematizovan je od jednostavnijeg ka kompleksnijem, od konkretnog prema apstraktnom, uvek se nalazi na istom mestu, slo\u017een istim redosledom.<\/span><\/p>\n

Materijali prate logi\u010dku, razvojno odgovarajuc\u0301u progresiju koja omoguc\u0301ava detetu da razvije apstraktno razumevanje koncepta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uloga Montesori vaspita\u010da<\/span><\/h2>\n

Montesori vaspita\u010d znatno je druga\u010diji od vaspita\u010da iz tradicionalne \u0161kole.\u00a0 Imaju sasvim posebnu ulogu organizatora i vodi\u010da, nekoga ko diskretno i nenametljivo poma\u017ee deci. On je kreator okru\u017eenja, demonstrator, model pona\u0161anja i posmatra\u010d pojedina\u010dnog de\u010dijeg razvoja. Montesori vaspita\u010d vodi indirektno – osigurava boravak deteta u sigurnom i pozitivnom okru\u017eenju pripremaju\u0107i sredinu, nabavljaju\u0107i materijale i stvaraju\u0107i situacije koje vode ka u\u010denju sa tim istim materijalom. Treba da zna da dopusti detetu da samo gradi svoju li\u010dnost, nalazi svoj sopstveni ritam, samo odlu\u010duje i postaje nezavisno.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cilj <\/span>Montesori metoda<\/span><\/a> je negovati de\u010dju individualnost, indirektno podsticati interes za razli\u010dite sfere, a u\u010denje pretvoriti u igru. Deca ne dobijaju pohvalu za dostignute rezultate, ve\u0107 se podsti\u010de unutra\u0161nje zadovoljstvo postignutim.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Montesori nastavnik sa odgovaraju\u0107om akreditacijom razume va\u017enost omoguc\u0301avanja deci da se prirodno razvijaju. Nastavnik posmatra decu u odre\u0111enom uzrastu i uvodi ih u izazovne i razvojno odgovarajuc\u0301e lekcije i materijale na osnovu zapa\u017eanja jedinstvenih interesovanja, sposobnosti i socijalnog, emotivnog, kognitivnog i fizi\u010dkog razvoja svakog deteta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obu\u010deni Montesori u\u010ditelj je dobro upuc\u0301en ne samo u Montesori teoriju i filozofiju, vec\u0301 i u ta\u010dnu i odgovarajuc\u0301u upotrebu Montesori materijala. On bi trebalo da poseduje ve\u0161tine posmatranja i da svoje u\u010denike vodi i zadaje im izazove. Tako\u0111e bi trebalo da poseduje i \u010dvrstu osnovu u ljudskom rastu i razvoju, i ve\u0161tine liderstva neophodne za odr\u017eavanje okru\u017eenja koje neguje i fizi\u010dki i psiholo\u0161ki podr\u017eava u\u010denje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Da bi stekli ove jedinstvene ve\u0161tine, neophodno je da Montesori nastavnici pro\u0111u obuku u uzrastu na kojem predaju. AMS priznaje Montesori nastavne akreditacije koje je izdao AMS, Udru\u017eenje Montessori Internationale (AMI) ili bilo koji drugi <\/span>Montesori program<\/span><\/a> za obrazovanje nastavnika koji je akreditovan od strane Montessori saveta za akreditaciju za obrazovanje nastavnika.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Marija Montesori bila je italijanski lekar, edukator i inovator, cenjena po svojoj obrazovnoj metodi koja se zasniva na na\u010dinu na koji deca u\u010de prirodno. Otvorila je prvu Montesori \u0161kolu – Casa dei Bambini, ili De\u010dju kuc\u0301u u Rimu 6. januara 1907. Nakon toga je putovala svetom i op\u0161irno pisala o svom pristupu obrazovanju, privla\u010dec\u0301i mnoge […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nKoji su osnovni elementi Montesori metoda? | Start Smart | Montesori Radionice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"U ovom tekstu, mo\u017eete pro\u010ditati sve o ro\u0111enju ove edukativne prakse, kao i to koji su to ta\u010dno osnovni elementi Montesori metoda obrazovanja.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/start-smart.rs\/en\/osnovni-elementi-montesori-metoda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Koji su osnovni elementi Montesori metoda? 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